table of contents
Getting a dog is a wonderful experience. Your pooch will give you and your family many years of love, affection, happiness and joy. Dog parents often spend hours playing and training their new family members. Pets help to reduce stress and keep their family entertained. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pet adoption and sales rose twofold, making it difficult for hostels, breeders, and pet shops to meet this sudden surge in demand. The pet industry also reached a historic high of $103b in the US alone. This surge has also spurred the rise of dog training apps as trainers remain inaccessible in person.
The pet care industry is currently valued at $232billion and is growing at 6.1% CAGR. At this rate, it won’t be long before it breaches the $300b mark. This includes the pet training industry, a major part of the pet care industry worldwide.
Why are pet training apps so popular?
Pet parents could not use the services of in-home or on-premise pet trainers due to the COVID-19 induced lockdown. This led to the rise of pet training apps such as Puppr, GoDog and many others that help pet parents train their dogs through interactive classes and training sessions. These pet training apps provide a host of information, and some even offer 1-on-1 sessions with top trainers to solve puppy problems. The convenience of training your dog anywhere, at any time has made pet training apps boost their popularity in a very short time. However, which pet training app should you choose with a host of apps available on popular mobile platforms?
The perfect Dog training app for your pooch
Here’s our list of the top ten training apps for your dog. This is not a complete list of every single app out there, but we’ve included the best from the lot.
1. Puppr
Puppr is possibly the most well-known dog training app around. Puppr uses the Clicker training method to help you train your dog at your convenience. With over 70 lessons from celebrity dog trainer Sara Carson, Puppr helps you to train your dog for free with a host of basic courses. Advanced courses require you to purchase a $12.99 monthly (or annual) subscription. Puppr features an in-app clicker and an online store with training material, equipment and other doggo-essentials.
Puppr earns money through subscriptions and in-app purchases. Their financial information is private. Want to know more about their revenue streams? Here – Puppr business model.
2. Goodpup
Goodpup is great for those who need one-on-one training sessions with certified and reviewed trainers. These trainers can help with behavioural and special skills training for your dog. These trainings are held in real-time, ensuring that you can train your dog while the trainer observes that everything is going according to plan.
The app includes potty training, crate training and behavioural training and other basic training programs. All the pet owner has to do is find a training plan, give a brief assessment, schedule a training session, and that’s it. Goodpup’s trainers take care of the rest.
Their financial information is private. The app makes money through payments for 1-on-1 calls with trainers and training packages.
3. Doggo
Doggo is a top-rated doggy training app that has hundreds of tips, tricks, video instructions and obedience training skill programs for your dog. Featuring a built-in training clicker along with a host of information for dog care, Doggo is a one-stop shop for most of your training needs. Doggo has millions of monthly users and also has video exams to see how your pup is doing. With an estimated revenue of over $160k, Doggo is on its way to profitability!
4. Pupford
Pupford has a 30-day video course that includes all basic training lessons for your pup, including leash walking and more! With an inbuilt tracker to check training progress, a large community for dog-related advice and other info, you can have all your questions answered and train your dog at the same time!
Pupford’s finances are private. The app earns revenue through in-app purchases and subscriptions to the Pupford academy.
5. Everydoggy
Everydoggy is a top-rated dog training app that helps you potty and crate train and stop your dog from biting. Used by over 300,000 dog parents worldwide, Everydoggy has a built-in dog whistle and clicker that are extremely useful during training sessions. The app comes with step-by-step video lessons and helps you to train your dog better.
The app earns revenue through in-app purchases and personalized puppy training sessions. Their financial information is private.
6. MyDog Training app
MyDog training app offers a 30-day training program to teach your dog all the tricks you want it to learn. Additionally, animated cues and super-easy to follow lessons make this app intuitive and fun. Featuring a built-in clicker for rewards and recognition, this app makes behavioural training easy.
The app earns revenue through ads. Their financial information is private.
7. iTrainer Dog Whistle and Clicker
This iOS-specific app is extremely popular as it is easy to use and has customizable sounds, so you can pick the one your dog likes the most. The app is informative and offers many features that include whistle training, clicker training and positive-reinforcement training.
The app earns revenue from ads. Their financial information is private.
8. Pawsitive
Pawsitive is a highly-regarded Android-specific app. The app has pet-specific games, a clicker and healthy food guides for your furry friend. The app focuses on positive reinforcement training and makes it easy to train your dog with illustrations and step-by-step instructions. Whether it is your first try at training your dog yourself or if you’re retraining your dog, Pawsitive has enough to help you get a headstart.
The app earns revenue from ads and in-app purchases. Their financial information is private.
9. Pocket Puppy Tool
Pocket Puppy School is for those who want a simple app to train their dog. With everything neatly segregated into categories and topics, this app is extremely user-friendly and works for all age groups. The app includes imagery and videos to help new dog owners understand the app and instructions better. With training progress monitoring and remedial measures to work with if the training isn’t progressing as planned, the app has more than enough benefits for everyone. All the information in the app is free.
The app earns revenue from ads and in-app purchases. Their financial information is private.
10. GoDog
GoDog is a great dog behavioural training app. Complete with a walking tracker, a clicker, training exercises and videos, a pet health section that includes vaccination reminders, prescribed medications and upcoming vet visits, this app is great for new dog owners and existing owners alike. The app also has a host of dog articles for you to read up about pet health and training.
The app earns through in-app purchases and keeps its financial information private.
Tips for creating a great dog training app
Entrepreneurs who wish to move to the dog training app space must understand that they will need a truly groundbreaking app to move customers away from existing solutions. Here’s what you need to do to ensure that you create a unique app that your customers will love:
- Research, research, research
Understand your competition and work on the underserved needs of their customers.
- Only add features that bring value
A long list of features confuses people. Understand that they are trying to learn how to train a puppy. Add features that bring real value to the app and are not just a list of features that every app has.
- Create an intuitive user interface
Your take on the app might not go well with your users. Ensure that you create a simple, easy to use, intuitive interface that customers love.
- Follow up
Interact with your early adopters to know what they miss in the app and add it in an upcoming update. Remember, agility is the first step towards success in the app world.
- Keep innovating
The key to continued growth is constant innovation. Keep working on your app with learnings and data points gathered during the app creation and launch process. Make informed decisions to ensure that your users love what you create and keep asking for more.
How can Volumetree help you in creating a world-class dog training app?
The product management team at Volumtree has spent years creating world-class mobile apps and websites that have millions of daily users. Our engineers, developers, project managers, testers and product experts work in tandem to ensure that we meet the underserved needs of your customers and create a truly revolutionary app that amazes your customers with each new version. Want to know more? Schedule a free 15-minute consultation with our product experts here.
Global Operations
buy 1000 tiktok followers cheap buy tiktok followers cheap
buy 10k tiktok followers buy 1000 tiktok followers
ремонт стиральных машин gaggenau
[url=https://vyzov-santehnika-na-dom.ru]https://vyzov-santehnika-na-dom.ru[/url].
https://besuchszweck.org/
https://lavirgule.news/
Используйте Twin казино фриспины и выиграйте крупные призы без вложений
средства для интимной гигиены цена https://vitam.pro/product-category/kosmeticheskie-sredstva/sredstva-dlja-intimnoj-gigieny-intiline/
[url=https://griezmann-antoine-fr.biz]griezmann[/url]
play in diablo game here
griezmann antoine
The best film magazin https://orbismagazine.com, film industry trade publications in 2024 to keep you informed with the latest video production, filmmaking, photographynews. We create beautiful and magnetic projects.
[b]Здравствуйте[/b]!
Хочу поделиться своим опытом по заказу аттестата ПТУ. Думал, что это невозможно, и начал искать информацию в интернете по теме: купить диплом в волжском, купить диплом в димитровграде, купить диплом университета, купить диплом дизайнера, купить диплом в махачкале. Постепенно углубляясь в тему, нашел отличный ресурс здесь: https://plaj.guru/%d0%bf%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b6-%d0%b0%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b4%d1%90%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b0-%d0%b0%d0%ba%d1%80%d0%be%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%b7%d0%b0%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%b4/#comment-58071 и остался очень доволен!
Теперь у меня есть диплом сварщика о среднем специальном образовании, и я обеспечен на всю жизнь!
Успехов в учебе!
https://interventionist.us/
Столкнулись с поломкой Indesit? Не спешите паниковать! Узнать больше о ремонте и подобрать нужные запчасти можно по ссылке https://morriscody.livepositively.com/opt-for-our-indesit-service-center-top-reasons-why-we-re-ideal-for-appliance-repairs/new=1 . Мастера быстро и качественно устранят неисправность вашей техники Indesit. Самостоятельный ремонт может быть опасен, лучше обратиться в сервисный центр.
[url=https://dominickriyo54210.mpeblog.com/51013702/lengthening-the-lifespan-of-your-indesit-appliances-through-professional-care]indesit сервис центр[/url]
indesit ремонт
ремонт стиральных машин индезит
сервис indesit
order hydroxyurea online cheap – methocarbamol 500mg cheap buy methocarbamol 500mg pill
Взять займ или кредит
https://www.pimtv.ru/news-kak-najti-samyj-vygodnyj-kredit-na-rynke/ под проценты, подав заявку на денежный микрозайм для физических лиц. Выбирайте среди 570 лучших предложений займа онлайн. Возьмите микрозайм онлайн или наличными в день обращения. Быстрый поиск и удобное сравнение условий по займам и микрокредитам в МФО.
NGolo Kante https://ngolokante.prostoprosport-ar.com is a French footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for the Saudi Arabian club Al-Ittihad and the French national team. His debut for the first team took place on May 18, 2012 in a match against Monaco (1:2). In the 2012/13 season, Kante became the main player for Boulogne, which played in Ligue 3.
[url=https://griezmann-antoine-fr.biz]griezmann[/url]
play in diablo game here
antoine griezmann
Интимные услуги в столице представляет собой комплексной и многоаспектной вопросом. Несмотря на этот бизнес запрещается законодательством, эта деятельность продолжает быть крупным нелегальной областью.
Исторический
В Союзные времена интимные услуги существовала подпольно. С распадом Союза, в ситуации рыночной нестабильности, эта деятельность оказалась явной.
Нынешняя обстановка
В настоящее время секс-работа в российской столице имеет многочисленные формы, от люксовых сопровождающих услуг до уличной секс-работы. Высококлассные сервисы зачастую осуществляются через сеть, а улицы интимные услуги сосредоточена в специфических районах Москвы.
Социальные и Экономические Аспекты
Множество девушки занимаются в данную сферу по причине денежных проблем. Коммерческий секс является привлекательным из-за шансом быстрого заработка, но это связана с рисками для здоровья и охраны здоровья.
Законодательные вопросы
Коммерческий секс в Российской Федерации противозаконна, и за эту деятельность занятие существуют жесткие штрафы. Секс-работниц постоянно привлекают к дисциплинарной отчетности.
Таким способом, несмотря на запреты, интимные услуги продолжает быть частью незаконной экономики столицы с существенными социально-правовыми последствиями.
проститутки в озерах
Ruben Diogo da Silva Neves https://ruben-neves.prostoprosport-ar.com is a Portuguese footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Saudi Arabian club Al-Hilal and the Portuguese national team. Currently, Ruben Neves plays for the Al-Hilal club wearing number 8. His contract with the Saudi club is valid until the end of June 2026.
bar montenegro immobilien
immobilien montenegro
перевозка дивана [url=https://www.pereezdminsk.ru]https://www.pereezdminsk.ru[/url] .
Kobe Bean Bryant https://kobebryant.prostoprosport-ar.com is an American basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association for twenty seasons for one team, the Los Angeles Lakers. He played as an attacking defender. He was selected in the first round, 13th overall, by the Charlotte Hornets in the 1996 NBA Draft. He won Olympic gold twice as a member of the US national team.
에그벳 도메인
Hongzhi 황제는 사려 깊었지만 여전히 손자에게 미안했습니다.
https://lebelligerant.com/
娛樂城
台灣線上娛樂城是指通過互聯網提供賭博和娛樂服務的平台。這些平台主要針對台灣用戶，但實際上可能在境外運營。以下是一些關於台灣線上娛樂城的重要信息：
1. 服務內容：
– 線上賭場遊戲（如老虎機、撲克、輪盤等）
– 體育博彩
– 彩票遊戲
– 真人荷官遊戲
2. 特點：
– 全天候24小時提供服務
– 可通過電腦或移動設備訪問
– 常提供優惠活動和獎金來吸引玩家
3. 支付方式：
– 常見支付方式包括銀行轉賬、電子錢包等
– 部分平台可能接受加密貨幣
4. 法律狀況：
– 在台灣，線上賭博通常是非法的
– 許多線上娛樂城實際上是在國外註冊運營
5. 風險：
– 由於缺乏有效監管，玩家可能面臨財務風險
– 存在詐騙和不公平遊戲的可能性
– 可能導致賭博成癮問題
6. 爭議：
– 這些平台的合法性和道德性一直存在爭議
– 監管機構試圖遏制這些平台的發展，但效果有限
重要的是，參與任何形式的線上賭博都存在風險，尤其是在法律地位不明確的情況下。建議公眾謹慎對待，並了解相關法律和潛在風險。
如果您想了解更多具體方面，例如如何識別和避免相關風險，我可以提供更多信息。
https://polskikompas.com/
https://win-line.net/סוכן-קזינו-הימורים/
להעביר, תימוכין לדבריך.
ההמרה באינטרנט הפכה לענף מבוקש מאוד בעשור האחרון, המציע אפשרויות מגוונות של אלטרנטיבות משחק, לדוגמה מכונות מזל.
בניתוח זה נבחן את עולם הפעילות המקוונת ונעניק לכם נתונים חשובים שיתרום לכם לנתח בנושא מעניין זה.
קזינו אונליין – הימורים באינטרנט
הימורי ספורט מכיל מבחר מגוון של אפשרויות מוכרים כגון פוקר. ההימורים באינטרנט מאפשרים למתמודדים להתנסות מחוויית התמודדות אמיתית מכל מקום ובכל זמן.
המשחקים סיכום קצר
משחקי מזל הימורי גלגל
גלגל הרולטה הימור על מספרים ואפשרויות על גלגל הרולטה
בלאק ג’ק משחק קלפים בו המטרה היא 21 נקודות
פוקר משחק קלפים מורכב
משחק קלפים באקרה משחק קלפים פשוט וזריז
הימורים בתחום הספורט – קזינו באינטרנט
התמרמרות ספורטיבית מהווים אחד האזורים המתפתחים הגדולים ביותר בפעילות באינטרנט. מתמודדים יכולים להמר על ביצועים של אתגרי ספורט מבוקשים כגון ועוד.
התמודדויות ניתן לתמוך על תוצאת התחרות, מספר האירועים ועוד.
סוג ההימור ניתוח ענפי ספורט נפוצים
ניחוש התפוקה ניחוש התוצאה הסופית של התחרות כדורגל, כדורסל, טניס
הפרש ביצועים ניחוש ההפרש בתוצאות בין הקבוצות כדורגל, כדורסל, טניס
כמות התוצאות ניחוש כמה שערים או נקודות יהיו במשחק כדורגל, כדורסל, טניס
הקבוצה המנצחת ניחוש מי יסיים ראשון (ללא קשר לניקוד) כל ענפי הספורט
התמרמרות בזמן אמת הימורים במהלך המשחק בזמן אמת כדורגל, טניס, קריקט
התמרמרות מגוונת שילוב של מספר הימורים שונים מגוון ענפי ספורט
פעילות פוקר מקוונת – פעילות באינטרנט
משחקי קלפים אונליין מכיל אחד מסוגי התמודדות המרכזיים ביותר כיום. שחקנים רשאים להשתלב בפני משתתפים אחרים מאזורי הגלובוס במגוון
Купити ліхтарики https://bailong-police.com.ua оптом та в роздріб, каталог та прайс-лист, характеристики, відгуки, акції та знижки. Купити ліхтарик онлайн з доставкою. Відмінний вибір ліхтарів: налобні, ручні, тактичні, ультрафіолетові, кемпінгові, карманні за вигідними цінами.
Продажа подземных канализационных ёмкостей https://neseptik.com по выгодным ценам. Ёмкости для канализации подземные объёмом до 200 м3. Металлические накопительные емкости для канализации заказать и купить в Екатеринбурге.
Lebron Ramone James https://lebronjames.prostoprosport-ar.com American basketball player who plays the positions of small and power forward. He plays for the NBA team Los Angeles Lakers. Experts recognize him as one of the best basketball players in history, and a number of experts put James in first place. One of the highest paid athletes in the world.
Luis Fernando Diaz Marulanda https://luis-diaz.prostoprosport-ar.com Colombian footballer, winger for Liverpool and the Colombian national team . Diaz is a graduate of the Barranquilla club. On April 26, 2016, in a match against Deportivo Pereira, he made his Primera B debut. On January 30, 2022, he signed a contract with the English Liverpool for five years, the transfer amount was 40 million euros.
Maria Sharapova https://maria-sharapova.prostoprosport-ar.com Russian tennis player. The former first racket of the world, winner of five Grand Slam singles tournaments from 2004 to 2014, one of ten women in history who has the so-called “career slam”.
[url=https://muhammad-ali.com.az]muhammad ali casino[/url]
best boxer in the world Muhammad Ali
muhammad ali apk
Kevin De Bruyne https://kevin-de-bruyne.prostoprosport-ar.com Belgian footballer, midfielder of the Manchester club City” and the Belgian national team. A graduate of the football clubs “Ghent” and “Genk”. In 2008 he began his adult career, making his debut with Genk.
[url=https://vyzov-santehnika-spb.ru]https://vyzov-santehnika-spb.ru[/url] вызов сантехника в спб.
вызов сантехника в спб [url=https://vyzov-santehnika-spb.ru]https://vyzov-santehnika-spb.ru[/url].
срочный вызов сантехника [url=https://vyzov-santehnika-spb.ru]https://vyzov-santehnika-spb.ru[/url].
сантехника в спб [url=https://vyzov-santehnika-spb.ru]https://vyzov-santehnika-spb.ru[/url].
[url=https://vyzov-santehnika-spb.ru]https://vyzov-santehnika-spb.ru[/url] спб сантехника на дом.
Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim Al-Owais https://mohammed-alowais.prostoprosport-ar.com is a Saudi professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for the national team Saudi Arabia and Al-Hilal. He is known for his quick reflexes and alertness at the gate.
Quincy Anton Promes https://quincy-promes.prostoprosport-br.com Dutch footballer, attacking midfielder and forward for Spartak Moscow . He played for the Dutch national team. He won his first major award in 2017, when Spartak became the champion of Russia.
Экспертиза ремонта в квартире https://remnovostroi.ru проводится для оценки качества выполненных работ, соответствия требованиям безопасности и стандартам строительства. Специалисты проверяют используемые материалы, исполнение работ, конструктивные особенности, безопасность, внешний вид и эстетику ремонта. По результатам экспертизы составляется экспертное заключение с оценкой качества и рекомендациями по устранению недостатков.
brand divalproex – order generic amiodarone 200mg where to buy topamax without a prescription
[url=https://muhammad-ali.com.az]muhammad ali casino[/url]
best boxer in the world Muhammad Ali
muhammad ali
In modern times, Africa has surfaced as a radiant hub for tunes and celebrity culture, gaining international acknowledgement and influencing worldwide trends. African music, with its rich tapestry of genres like as Afrobeats, Amapiano, and highlife, offers captivated audiences throughout the world. Major artists like Burna Boy, Wizkid, and Tiwa Savage have not simply dominated the charts in Africa but have also made important inroads into the particular global music landscape. Their collaborations with international stars plus performances at major music festivals have got highlighted the continent’s musical prowess. The rise of digital platforms and interpersonal media has further more amplified the reach of African tunes, allowing artists to connect with fans across the earth and share their particular sounds and stories – https://nouvellesafrique.africa/loterie-dv-2024-revelation-du-palmares-des/.
In addition to be able to its musical talent, Africa’s celebrity traditions is flourishing, together with entertainers, influencers, plus public figures commanding large followings. Celebs such as Lupita Nyong’o, Trevor Noah, and Charlize Theron, who have beginnings in Africa, are usually making waves globally in film, tv set, and fashion. These figures not just provide attention to their very own work but also shed light on important cultural issues and ethnic heritage. Their achievement stories inspire a new new generation regarding Africans to follow careers in typically the entertainment industry, promoting a feeling of pride and ambition across the continent.
Moreover, African celebrities are more and more using their systems to advocate intended for change and give back to their communities. From Burna Boy’s activism around sociable justice issues to Tiwa Savage’s efforts to promote education for girls, these public figures are profiting their influence intended for positive impact. They can be involved in numerous philanthropic activities, helping causes such since healthcare, education, in addition to environmental sustainability. This specific trend highlights the evolving role of celebrities in Photography equipment, who are not simply entertainers but in addition key players inside driving social switch and development.
Total, the landscape involving music and celeb culture in Photography equipment is dynamic and even ever-evolving. The continent’s rich cultural variety and creative skill still garner global acclaim, positioning The african continent as being a major pressure in the global leisure industry. As African-american artists and celebs always break obstacles and achieve fresh heights, they front how for a more inclusive and even diverse representation inside global media. With regard to those interested throughout staying updated on the latest tendencies and news within this vibrant field, numerous platforms and even publications offer complex coverage of Africa’s music and celeb happenings, celebrating the particular continent’s ongoing advantages to the world stage.
Larry Joe Bird https://larry-bird.prostoprosport-br.com American basketball player who spent his entire professional career in the NBA ” Boston Celtics.” Olympic champion (1992), champion of the 1977 Universiade, 3-time NBA champion (1981, 1984, 1986), three times recognized as MVP of the season in the NBA (1984, 1985, 1986), 10 times included in the symbolic teams of the season (1980-88 – first team, 1990 – second team).
ремонт айфонов [url=https://www.iphonepochinka.by]ремонт айфонов[/url] .
Khvicha Kvaratskhelia https://khvicha-kvaratskhelia.prostoprosport-br.com Georgian footballer, winger for Napoli and captain of the Georgian national team. A graduate of Dynamo Tbilisi. He made his debut for the adult team on September 29, 2017 in the Georgian championship match against Kolkheti-1913. In total, in the 2017 season he played 4 matches and scored 1 goal in the championship.
Damian Emiliano Martinez https://emiliano-martinez.prostoprosport-br.com Argentine footballer, goalkeeper of the Aston Villa club and national team Argentina. Champion and best goalkeeper of the 2022 World Cup.
п»їbest mexican online pharmacies
https://cmqpharma.com/# mexico pharmacies prescription drugs
best online pharmacies in mexico
Секс-работа в российской столице представляет собой комплексной и разнообразной трудностью. Невзирая на этот бизнес запрещена законом, данная сфера остаётся важным нелегальным сектором.
Прошлый
В советские годы интимные услуги была нелегально. По окончании Советского Союза, в период финансовой нестабильной ситуации, проституция появилась очевидной.
Сегодняшняя обстановка
На сегодняшний день проституция в Москве включает многообразие форм, включая люксовых эскорт-услуг и заканчивая уличного уровня коммерческого секса. Высококлассные сервисы обычно осуществляются через сеть, а публичная интимные услуги сконцентрирована в специфических зонах городской территории.
Социальные и Экономические Аспекты
Многие девушки принимают участие в эту деятельность вследствие материальных проблем. Интимные услуги является интересной из-за возможности быстрого дохода, но это связана с риски для здоровья и жизни.
Юридические аспекты
Секс-работа в Российской Федерации противозаконна, и за ее организацию проведение предусмотрены серьезные штрафы. Коммерческих секс-работников зачастую привлекают к административной наказанию.
Таким способом, несмотря на запреты, проституция продолжает быть частью теневой экономики города с значительными социально-правовыми последствиями.
Jack Peter Grealish https://jackgrealish.prostoprosport-br.com English footballer, midfielder of the Manchester City club and the England national team. A graduate of the English club Aston Villa from Birmingham. In the 2012/13 season he won the NextGen Series international tournament, playing for the Aston Villa under-19 team
Kyle Andrew Walker https://kylewalker.prostoprosport-br.com English footballer, captain of the Manchester City club and the England national team. In the 2013/14 season, he was on loan at the Notts County club, playing in League One (3rd division of England). Played 37 games and scored 5 goals in the championship.
Laure Boulleau https://laure-boulleau.prostoprosport-fr.com French football player, defender. She started playing football in the Riom team, in 2000 she moved to Isere, and in 2002 to Issigneux. All these teams represented the Auvergne region. In 2003, Bullo joined the Clairefontaine academy and played for the academy team for the first time.